Glossary: ; Laptop & Laptop LCD Screen Industry Definitions
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ScreenTek is proud to provide you this glossary of common terms in the laptop LCD screen industry, and in the laptop notebook industry. Feel free to become more familiar with the terms we use throughout our site. If you notice any glaring omissions, we'd be glad to hear about those. Drop us a line at sales@screentekinc.com.
(Methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA)
an organic compound often used in liquid crystals.
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a-Si (Amorphous silicon)
is the non-crystalline allotropic form of silicon. It can be deposited in thin films at low temperatures onto a variety of substrates, which offers some unique capabilities in a variety of electronics.
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a-Si integrated row drivers
includes at least one shift register integrated in an LCD panel. The LCD uses a reset signal by shifting phase of gate drive pulse in a gate line direction according to a clock period. The LCD has a 1-bit shift register having a dummy function formed at a final terminal of the shift register. An input signal of drive pulse is used as the reset signal of a shift register formed at a final terminal of a shift register row.
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a-Si Photodiodes
it allows for deposition of high integrity conformal layers thereover are produced by etching the amorphous silicon in a mostly anisotropic etchant in a reactive ion etcher in which the pressure of the etchant is controlled.
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a-Si TFT
includes a gate electrode, a drain electrode and a source electrode, and an impurity layer for reducing an off current of the transistor
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Acuity human eye
the relative ability of the visual organ to resolve detail that is usually expressed as the reciprocal of the minimum angular separation in minutes of two lines just resolvable as separate and that forms in the average human eye an angle of one minute compare minimum separable minimum visible
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Advanced super view
also called axially symmetric vertical alignment was developed by Sharp. It is a VA mode where liquid crystal molecules orient perpendicular to the substrates in the off state. The bottom sub-pixel has continuously covered electrodes, while the upper one has a smaller area electrode in the center of the subpixel.
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Airknife drying
An industrial air knife is a pressurized air plenum containing a series of holes or continuous slots through which pressurized air exits in a laminar flow pattern. Air knives remove liquids, control the thickness of liquids, dry the liquid coatings, remove foreign particles, cool product surfaces or create a hold down force to assist in the mechanical bonding of materials to the surface. Electrical currents from anti-static bars can also be injected into the exit air knife stream to neutralize the static electricity charge on some surfaces.
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Amorphous silicon
(a-Si or ?-Si) is the non-crystalline allotropic form of silicon. It can be deposited in thin films at low temperatures onto a variety of substrates, offering some unique capabilities for a variety of electronics.
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An RGBW matrix
(from Red, Green, Blue, White) is a CFA that includes "white" or transparent filter elements that allow the photodiode to respond to all colors of light; that is, some cells are "panchromatic", and more of the light is detected, rather than absorbed, compared to the Bayer matrix
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Anti-Reflection (AR)
A thin-film coating that reduces the reflection of light from a surface via the use of refractive-index matching and destructive interference techniques.
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Black Matrix (BM)
A patterned layer in an LCD’s color filter assembly whose purpose is to prevent light leakage and improve contrast.
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Black Polymer Resin
Conductivity and dielectric constant of a three-component 0-3 composite of epoxy resin–barium titanate–carbon black (0-3 composites are systems in which the filler is in the form of 0-dimensional (point-like, disperse) particles in a three-dimensional polymeric matrix1) have been investigated both at DC and the frequency range of 20–106c/s.
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Cavity Backlight
A front reflector (610) in a hollow cavity backlight (600) has asymmetrically reflective properties due to a film of alternating polymer layers recycling the light. The backlight addresses the need for thinner, lighter, large-area devices with fewer components but defined output polarisation and adequate viewing angles.
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Chip on Glass (COG)
An LCD driver chip is mounted directly on the surface of the display glass, resulting in a thinner and lighter LCD.
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Contrast Contour Plots
The contract contour plot is a superior representation of the data from stimulus experiments.
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Digital Light Processor (DLP)
DLP modulates light by either reflecting it into a light absorber or directing it through projection optics. Grayscale is achieved via pulse width modulation.
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Etch stopper
used in the production of a semiconductor device by a damascene method.
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Excimer Laser Annealing (ELA)
The technique of using a pulsed excimer laser to crystallize amorphous silicon (a-Si) to polysilicon (p-Si) in the LTPS process.
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Field Sequential Display
An LCD display architecture in which RGB field images are sequentially displayed so that the viewer sees a full-color frame.
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Field-effect mobility
The field-effect mobility in an organic thin-film transistor is studied theoretically. From a percolation model of hopping between localized states and a transistor model an analytic expression for the field-effect mobility is obtained. The theory is applied to describe the experiments by Brown et al. [Synth. Met. 88, 37 (1997)] on solution-processed amorphous organic transistors, made from a polymer (polythienylene vinylene) and from a small molecule (pentacene).
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Five mask
method used for manufacturing an active matrix liquid crystal displaying device having a plurality of thin film transistors
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Gate drain capacitance
is formed as a conductor that is positioned on the surface of the transistor between the gate and the drain The conductor is formed on an insulator thereby electrically insulating the conductor from the substrate of the transistor.
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Gate pulse distortion
used for controlling the phase of a gate pulse impressed on an AC-DC converter, can be very significant when a train of pulses must pass through an AC-coupled (high-pass filtered) amplifier.
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Impulse type display
driving method for a liquid crystal display (LCD) is used for driving a pixel array of an LCD panel. The method includes providing a set of impulse control signals to a source driver.
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Ion doping
used method to form source and drain helps to control the short channel effect and device driving characteristics.
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LC Cell Gap
This work presents a transflective liquid-crystal (LC) display with a single cell gap in a dual-alignment configuration. This dual structure was fabricated via single-step laser-light exposure through a photomask. The vertical alignment induced by nanoparticles of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes can be changed into a homogeneous alignment via absorption of photoexcited azo dye. The LC molecules at the transmissive and reflective pixels are homogeneous and hybrid alignment, respectively, at which optimal phase retardations of half and quarter wavelengths are achieved.
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LC Filling
This module fills empty cells with liquid crystal material. Several different modules are available dependent on cell size and volume/batch size requirements. Combined models with integrated pre-bake before filling is also available. Once again, by innovation in combining processes we have developed combination fill modules with integrated pre-bake chambers. These combination fill modules significantly reduce fill process cycle time while improving process yields. The FI-230-X2 preheats the empty cells in a separate chamber and then automatically transfers them into the fill chamber where the filling takes place. This process avoids heating the temperature sensitive LC material and eliminates environmental contamination between processes. Basically, the module consists of two vacuum chambers with a transfer door in between, which reduces cycle time by the heating of the cells during the filling and the pre-heating to remove moisture. The filling process is made without a conventional wick, which makes the process clean and reduce the waste of LC-material. Easy access to the cassettes and the filling bath from the top of the machine.
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LC Pixel Capacitance
LC pixel capacitance Clc, which changes with the director of liquid crystal molecules as a function of external applied voltage, has a most important impact on the pixel voltage error $B&$(B Vp and therefore on the electro-optics (E-O) characteristics of the LC pixel for an a-Si TFT LCD. In this paper, the pixel voltage error has been simulated for 10.4" VGA (640$B!_(B480) and SVGA (800$B!_(B600) a-Si TFT LCD, and in this simulation, we especially took into account the change in LC dielectric constant. We found that $B&$(B Vp changes with the data voltage Vp. In addition, E-O characteristics of LC pixel for an a-Si TFT LCD has been investigated. The result shows that the effect of $B&$(B Vp on E-O characteristics is significant when Vp ranges from the threshold voltage to the saturation voltage
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Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS)
A reflective microdisplay that uses a silicon backplane with a frontplane similar to a transmissive LCD. Used mostly in rear-projection televisions and HMDs.
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Low Temperature Poly-Silicon (LTPS)
A process for crystallizing amorphous silicon below the strain point of glass to create high-mobility silicon that can be used to integrate circuits directly onto the display substrate.
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Mask
is a layer applied in the manufacturing of an active matrix TFT LCD device.
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matrix addressing
display runs control signals only to the rows and columns of the display. For a screen size of m×n pixels, this scheme would require m+n control signals.
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Module Assembly Process
The process of assembling the LCD cell, driver circuits, backlight, frame and other components into a finished display panel. This is the third and final major process group in the manufacturing of an LCD.
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Mura
A Japanese word meaning "blemish" that has become widely used in the display industry to describe non-uniform areas on an LCD display. Muras range tremendously in size, shape and severity, which makes them very hard to categorize. Muras are generally considered to be defects in the LCD.
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N+ layer
A heavily doped (N+) region directly under the N doped epitaxial collector region of transistors in a monolithic integrated circuit used to lower the series collector resistance
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National Television System Committee (NTSC)
NTSC is the analog television system used in the US, Canada, Japan, South Korea and many other countries. The significance of NTSC to the display industry is that the 1953 NTSC standard defined a color gamut that is still in use today. For example, standard monitor LCDs today can display about 72% of the NTSC gamut, while 32" TV LCDs with LED backlights can display about 105% of the NTSC gamut.
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Optical Density
where I is the intensity of light at a specified wavelength ? that has passed through a sample (transmitted light intensity) and I0 is the intensity of the light before it enters the sample or incident light intensity (or power)
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Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED)
A special type of light-emitting diode in which the light-emitting layer is comprised of thin films of organic compounds. The "D" in OLED is also interchangeably used to mean "Display", in which case an OLED is an emissive flat-panel display where the frontplane contains organic light-emitting elements and the backplane is either a passive matrix (PMOLED) or active matrix (AMOLED) control structure. There are two basic types of organic compounds used in OLEDs, small-molecule (SMOLED) and polymer (P-OLED or PLED).
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Patterned spacers
were designed and fabricated to prevent the problems caused by residual monomers in photopolymerization-assisted manufacturing of liquid crystal (LC) devices.
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Resistor-capacitor (RC) relaxation
oscillators are generally produced using operational voltage amplifiers or integrated circuits equipped with timers
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Response time measurement (RTM)
enables you to measure the quality of users' network experience.
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System-on-panel
is anentire electronic product integrated on a single substrate.
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Tantalum pentoxide(Ta2O5)
a high-index, low-absorption material usable for coatings in the near-UV (350 nm) to IR (~8 µm) regions. Dense layers can be deposited by electron-beam evaporation or sputtering. It usually decomposes at 1470 deg. C.
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Threshold voltage
Its a minimum gate voltage in the transistor at which the conduction of current begins.
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Threshold Voltage Shift(Vth)
The voltage level where enough electrons accumulate in the channel of a TFT to turn the device on.
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TN mode
The TN mode is the workhorse of the LC display. The TN cell consists of two glass substrates coated with transparent indium-tin-oxide.
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Vertical Interconnect Access
which is a vertical electrical connection between different layers of conductors in printed circuit board design.
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Viewing Angle
The range of angles over which the contrast ratio of a display exceeds 10:1.
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Glossary index
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